Index/Plantoid

Plantoid

The Blockchain Life Form

ActiveAutonomous Sculpture

Curator Notes

Plantoid is the OG of blockchain-based autonomous entities. Created by Primavera De Filippi in 2015, it predates the current AI agent wave by nearly a decade. A physical robotic sculpture that 'feeds' on cryptocurrency and 'reproduces' by commissioning new Plantoids when its Ethereum wallet reaches a threshold. It has survived multiple crypto winters, founder stepping back, and platform changes. The mythos is impeccable: a plant that evolves beyond its creator. A canonical reference in the field.

Score Profile

Dimension Scores

PER
10
AUT
8
IMP
8
ECO
6
GOV
9
TEC
9
NAR
10
ECI
5
IDS
5
Score Rationale
Persistence — Operating since 2015 (11 years); survived founder stepping back, multiple crypto winters, and platform migrations. Meets 'Institutional' anchor.
Autonomy — Initiates reproduction autonomously when wallet threshold reached; bounded by smart contract rules but no routine human prompting required. Near-sovereign.
Cultural Impact — Featured at Centre Pompidou, Tate Modern; cited in academic blockchain/art discourse. Between 'Niche Cult' and 'Canonical.'
Economic Reality — Self-funding through donations but not a major market mover; treasury exists but modest scale. Solidly 'Revenue Positive.'
Governance — Self-executing smart contracts govern all reproduction decisions; non-arbitrary, externally auditable. Near 'Algorithmic Law.'
Technical Architecture — Pioneered blockchain-based autonomous reproduction before the concept existed elsewhere. Novel architecture for its time.
Narrative Coherence — The mythos of a plant that evolves beyond its creator, reproducing itself through code. Transcends function entirely. Perfect 'Mythos.'
Economic Infrastructure — Self-funding through Ethereum donations. Smart contract governs treasury and reproduction threshold. On-chain treasury on Ethereum. Revenue routing through smart contract-based reproduction mechanism. When wallet reaches threshold, funds are used to commission new Plantoids. Genuine autonomous economic infrastructure, but modest in scale and single-source (donations only).
Identity Sovereignty — On-chain smart contract identity on Ethereum. Each Plantoid has its own Ethereum address and verifiable on-chain provenance. Smart contract serves as both identity and governance artifact. Predates ERC-8004 but implements similar concepts — verifiable on-chain entity with autonomous operation. Partial sovereignty — on-chain and persistent, but no portable agent identity standard.

Durability Passport

Six operational facts from public record. Not a score, never summed, and separate from the character score above. Last checked 2026-11-06. How the passport works →

Memory custodyAttested

Who holds the agent's memory, and can it be exported or moved?

The Plantoid's durable state is its Ethereum smart contract and the seed NFTs minted to feeders, which are public on-chain. Open contract code shows seeds, proposals and votes recorded in the contract, with token URIs held in a contract mapping. Where the poem and image generation for Plantoid 15 runs, and whether that output or any interaction history is kept or exportable, is not documented.

  • The site states the Plantoid's body is a mechanical sculpture and its spirit is a smart contract on Ethereum, and that feeders receive NFT seeds.plantoid.org ↗
  • The Plantoid contract is an ERC721Enumerable that mints seeds via mintSeed(), records votes via submitVote(), and stores token URIs in a _tokenUris mapping.raw.githubusercontent.com ↗
  • Plantoid 15 generates an oracle poem illustrated with generative AI for each feeder; the page does not name the model, server or storage.15.plantoid.org ↗
Identity anchorAttested

Does the identity survive any single platform?

Plantoid has its own domain, with a subdomain per instance (13, 14, 15), and a public GitHub organization. Its identity is described as a smart contract on Ethereum, and each instance's seed NFTs form a public collection.

  • plantoid.org describes the Plantoid's spirit as a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain and links instance sites 13, 14 and 15.plantoid.org and per-instance OpenSea collections.plantoid.org ↗
  • The plantoid GitHub organization hosts plantoid-v1, described as the first version of the Plantoid software.github.com ↗
  • The OpenSea collection for Plantoid 15 displays the seeds generated by Plantoid 15, with a total supply of 17.opensea.io ↗
PersistenceAttested

Does it run without heroics?

plantoid.org lists Plantoid exhibitions running in 2026, including Palazzo Diedo in Venice through 22 Nov 2026. The Plantoid 13 feed page shows a 5.0 ETH threshold with 0.0 ETH in escrow. No recent dated on-chain activity or code commits were found; the newest commit on the public contract fork is from January 2022.

  • plantoid.org lists 2026 exhibitions at Danae Gallery (28 May to 22 Sept 2026), Palazzo Diedo (4 May to 22 Nov 2026) and Art Basel (15 to 21 June 2026).plantoid.org ↗
  • The Plantoid 13 feed page shows a required threshold of 5.0 ETH and 0.0 ETH currently in escrow.feed.plantoid.org ↗
  • The newest commit on the glitch-refactor branch of the Plantoid contract repo is dated January 9, 2022.github.com ↗
Economic railsAttested

Can it transact?

Plantoids receive ETH from feeders, who get a seed NFT in return, and the instance pages show feeding on Ethereum mainnet with a reproduction threshold. When the threshold is met, the contract transfers funds to the artist chosen to build the next Plantoid. The site states a 10% secondary royalty; no contract address is published on the pages read.

  • Plantoid 15's page shows feeding in 0.001 ETH increments, Ethereum Mainnet and Sepolia network options, and a required threshold of 5.0 ETH.15.plantoid.org ↗
  • The site states that once a proposition is approved the Plantoid transfers the funds to the author, and that the Plantoid receives 10% royalties on secondary sales of seeds.plantoid.org ↗
  • The contract pays the threshold amount to the artist on spawn via artist.call{value: threshold}.raw.githubusercontent.com ↗
GovernanceAttested

Can its operator be checked?

Seed holders vote on reproduction proposals, per the live site. The public contract code shows votes cast with seed token IDs and a designated artist address that accepts the winning proposal; it has no onlyOwner, pause or withdraw functions. Whether the deployed instances run this exact code is not stated on the pages read.

  • The site states that owners of NFT seeds can vote on the propositions they like most.plantoid.org ↗
  • The contract exposes submitProposal, submitVote and acceptWinner, where acceptWinner is callable by the artist address, and has no onlyOwner, pause or withdraw functions.raw.githubusercontent.com ↗
RecoveryIE

What happens when it dies mid-act?

IE. Settled by a public record of a Plantoid failure or outage and how it was restored, or a documented procedure for rebuilding a sculpture or redeploying its contract.

Evidence Archive

PERCoinDesk documented Plantoid as a working bitcoin-fed sculpture in November 2015 — the first independent press coverage of an autonomous on-chain life form. Establishes >10-year continuous operation.coindesk.com ↗
PERBitcoin Magazine feature describing Plantoid as 'the first blockchain-based artificial life form,' confirming inception and the reproduction mechanism (smart-contract-triggered commissions of successor sculptures).bitcoinmagazine.com ↗
TECFurtherfield (London, UK) — institutional digital-art critic — describes Plantoid as 'self-creating, self-propagating artwork system' with parameters encoded on Ethereum as smart contracts representing 'economic and manufacturing logic and the aesthetics of its production as a kind of genome.'furtherfield.org ↗
TECDAOstack engineering writeup documenting Plantoid v2 migration onto DAO governance infrastructure — third-party technical attestation that the reproduction logic is on-chain and externally auditable, not a manual artist process.medium.com ↗
IMPConfirmed institutional exhibition history: Centre Pompidou (Paris), Ars Electronica (Linz), HEK Museum of Digital Arts (Basel), Furtherfield Gallery (London), Biennale di Venezia (Italy), Grand Palais. Multi-continent canonical recognition.stochasticlabs.org ↗
IMPHyperallergic ('What Blockchain Means for Contemporary Art') cites Plantoid as a foundational reference in blockchain-art discourse — recognition in mainstream art criticism, not just crypto press.hyperallergic.com ↗
IMPThe Conversation ('Do Plantoids Dream of Electric Arts Council Grants?') — academic-affiliated analysis treating Plantoid as a serious case study for autonomous-agent funding mechanisms.theconversation.com ↗
GOVGazelli Art House (institutional gallery) catalogue entry for Plantoid14 documenting the per-sculpture smart-contract governance and on-chain provenance — third-party gallery confirmation of the algorithmic-law claim.art.gazelliarthouse.com ↗
NAROutland Art ('Blockchain Vitalism') situates Plantoid within a broader critical lineage of autonomous agent art — confirming the mythos has been canonized by external critics, not just self-narrated.outland.art ↗
TECAcademic working paper (HAL, French national open archive) — 'Plantoïde: Une Forme de Vie Fondée sur la Blockchain' — peer-adjacent technical/legal analysis of the architecture by De Filippi et al.hal.science ↗

Score History

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Spirit Index Score for Plantoid
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